
The Scottish Parliament
The Welsh Assembly
The Greater London Assembly
The German Bundestag
New Zealand's House of Representatives
Mexico's Cámara de Diputados (lower house)
Bolivia's Cámara de Diputados (lower house)
Lesotho's National Assembly (lower house)
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The case for |
The arguments against |
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It is broadly proportional. |
Many representatives are accountable to the party leadership rather than the voters. |
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Each voter has a directly accountable single constituency representative. |
Having two different types of representative creates animosity between them. In Wales and Scotland, for example, AMs and MSPs elected via the regional lists have been seen as having 'got in via the backdoor' or as 'assisted place' or 'second class' members. |
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Every voter has at least one effective vote. |
AMS sometimes gives rise to 'overhang' seats, where a party wins more seats via the constituency vote than it is entitled to according to their proportional vote. In Germany and New Zealand, but not in the UK, extra seats are allocated to the other parties to redress the balance. This can get complicated and lead to further bickering and animosity. |
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It allows a voter to express personal support for a candidate, without having to worry about going against their party. |
It can be complicated, with people getting confused over exactly what they're supposed to do with their two votes. |