Some electoral systems involve a combination of different ways to obtain a seat in parliament. This usually involves some members being elected in single member constituencies and other members being elected from lists. Often the list element is used to make up for the disproportional outcomes in single member constituency elections. Their advocates claim that they are the ‘best of both worlds’ in having constituencies and proportionality, but the fact that they involve different categories of MP can be a serious drawback.

Types of mixed system

Mixed Member Proportional (MMP), often known as Additional Member System (AMS) as used for the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly and in Germany.

Alternative Vote Plus (AV+) as recommended by the Jenkins Commission in 1998.

Total Representation (TR), a system first discussed as an electoral reform in Israel but which may have wider application