• French legislative, presidential and cantonal elections
• The Heads of State in a number of European countries.
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The case for |
The arguments against |
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It is slightly more representative than First Past the Post (FPTP) and can be of benefit to smaller parties. |
It has similar disadvantages to First Past the Post (FPTP) and is less sophisticated than the Alternative Vote (AV). |
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It is often said that in the first-round you vote with your heart, and in the second you vote with your head. Hence there is less need to vote tactically in the first-round. |
It is highly disproportional and favours large parties. |
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Second-round bartering encourages parties to remain friendly with each other (although this tends to be true only within broad party “blocs”). |
The voting process is drawn out over a period of two or three weeks and possibly longer. |
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It is easy for voters to understand and is simple to count.
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Unlike AV, the first-round encourages a certain amount of tactical voting because of risk of the compromise choice not reaching second-round. |
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If no compromise candidate reaches the second-round, it can lead to surprising outcomes: Jean-Marie Le Pen of the French National Front qualified for the second-round in the French Presidential election in 2002 to the horror of many observers. This ultimately gave Jacques Chirac one of the biggest electoral landslides in French history. |